In addition of previous articles discussing on building resistance, structure redundancy is also need to be consider on designing a building. Structural systems must be capable of transferring load to supports or the ground. For a structure to be stable, at least one load path capable of carrying loads must exist within the structure.
The load path must satisfy strength demands and static equilibrium. The structure must be restrained from moving as a rigid body or linkage. If the load path is interrupted, due to the effects of a bomb or blast, then the structure will collapse if no alternate load path is available. Redundancy in load paths allows redirection of loads to alternative load paths. This maintains structural integrity, should one load path fail.
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The load or capacity of the building could track down with building resistance data. A good building should resist several forces such as vertical loads due to gravity, lateral loads due to wind, load effects due to seismic motion, loads due to blast and impact.
Resistance is accomplished by integrating two load-carrying systems which are gravity load system, and lateral load system.
The gravity load system transfers or carries loads imposed by the forces of gravity. For steel or concrete-framed buildings, the load path starts on the floor slab, which carries the load to floor beams or joists. Read the rest of this entry »
Building risk assessment is important in order to know all aspect that could measure the load or capacity of the building itself. Abnormal loads on buildings may be caused by vehicular impact, blast loads from accidental or purposeful explosions, or local failure due to fire. Once the threat is defined, the structure must perform to a level consistent with established performance criteria, such as preventing structural collapse of part or all of the building.
Protection against abnormal loads incurs cost. To maximize the benefit of protection expense, the first step is determining where protection is needed. This is based on the assets housed in a building and the structural capabilities required for asset protection.
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Protective design of buildings is accomplished by integrating into the architectural and engineering building design program various means of mitigating threats, such as biological, chemical, and radiological attack, and force protection from blast, fire, ballistic attack, and illegal entry.
Protective design of structures deals with the mitigation of force protection threats or abnormal loads acting on building structural framing and exterior walls. Protection is generally achieved through a combination of standoff, redundancy, and hardening.
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Space Arrangements are required in addition of our previous articles discussing about stairs construction. With the perfect space arrangements, usage of stairs in proportional place, will rescue more people during unwanted disaster that endanger the buildings.
Two or three level floor might be more easier to decide space for escape door or stairs, but in high tower/skyscraper building, you got to look on every angle of aspects before deciding it. As an example typical design for office tower floors which is a rectangular core with a perimeter ring corridor for tenants and building service personnel to access the spaces within the core. This floor plan does away with the ring corridor by including an internal central corridor within the core. These kind of arrangement has several advantages, such as:
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